Ubuntu 下 Golang 开发环境搭建 - ihsiao-软件开发技术分享

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> #有需要请改为国内源
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> # sudo sed -i "s/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g" /etc/apt/sources.list
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> sudo apt-get update
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> sudo apt-get install binutils vim gdb git exuberant-ctags gcc
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> # YouCompleteMe 代码自动完成提示插件依赖
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> sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake python3-dev
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# go相关配置
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> curl -L -O https://golang.google.cn/dl/go1.16.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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> sudo rm -rf /usr/local/go  && sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.16.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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> sudo chown -R $USER: /usr/local/go
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> cat << 'EOF' | tee -a $HOME/.profile
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export GOPATH=$HOME/go
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export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
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export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin
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export GOPROXY="https://goproxy.cn,https://mirrors.aliyun.com/goproxy/,direct"
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EOF
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> source $HOME/.profile
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> go version
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# dlv: go debug tools
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> go install github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv@latest
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# vim tagbar
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> go get -u github.com/jstemmer/gotags
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> dlv version
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> go get -u github.com/sqs/goreturns

gdb: GUN Debug

vim 配置#

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> curl -fLo ~/.vim/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim
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> cat << 'EOF' | tee .vimrc
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"==============================================================================
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" vim 内置配置
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"==============================================================================
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set encoding=utf-8
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" 设置 vimrc 修改保存后立刻生效，不用在重新打开
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" 建议配置完成后将这个关闭
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autocmd BufWritePost $MYVIMRC source $MYVIMRC
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" 关闭兼容模式
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set nocompatible
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set nu " 设置行号
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set cursorline "突出显示当前行
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" set cursorcolumn " 突出显示当前列
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set showmatch " 显示括号匹配
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" tab 缩进
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set tabstop=4 " 设置Tab长度为4空格
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set shiftwidth=4 " 设置自动缩进长度为4空格
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set autoindent " 继承前一行的缩进方式，适用于多行注释
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" 定义快捷键的前缀，即<Leader>
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let mapleader=";"
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" ==== 系统剪切板复制粘贴 ====
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" v 模式下复制内容到系统剪切板
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vmap <Leader>c "+yy
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" n 模式下复制一行到系统剪切板
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nmap <Leader>c "+yy
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" n 模式下粘贴系统剪切板的内容
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nmap <Leader>v "+p
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" 开启实时搜索
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set incsearch
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" 搜索时大小写不敏感
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set ignorecase
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syntax enable
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syntax on                    " 开启文件类型侦测
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filetype plugin indent on    " 启用自动补全
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set autowrite
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" 退出插入模式指定类型的文件自动保存
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au InsertLeave *.go,*.sh,*.php write
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" 插件开始的位置
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call plug#begin('~/.vim/plugged')
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" Shorthand notation; fetches https://github.com/junegunn/vim-easy-align
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" 可以快速对齐的插件
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Plug 'junegunn/vim-easy-align'
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" 用来提供一个导航目录的侧边栏
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Plug 'scrooloose/nerdtree'
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" 可以使 nerdtree 的 tab 更加友好些
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Plug 'jistr/vim-nerdtree-tabs'
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" 可以在导航目录中看到 git 版本信息
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Plug 'Xuyuanp/nerdtree-git-plugin'
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" 查看当前代码文件中的变量和函数列表的插件，
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" 可以切换和跳转到代码中对应的变量和函数的位置
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" 大纲式导航, Go 需要 https://github.com/jstemmer/gotags 支持
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Plug 'majutsushi/tagbar'
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" 自动补全括号的插件，包括小括号，中括号，以及花括号
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Plug 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs'
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" Vim状态栏插件，包括显示行号，列号，文件类型，文件名，以及Git状态
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Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
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" 有道词典在线翻译
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Plug 'ianva/vim-youdao-translater'
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" 代码自动完成，安装完插件还需要额外配置才可以使用
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Plug 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'
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" 可以在文档中显示 git 信息
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Plug 'airblade/vim-gitgutter'
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" 下面两个插件要配合使用，可以自动生成代码块
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Plug 'SirVer/ultisnips'
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Plug 'honza/vim-snippets'
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" 可以在 vim 中使用 tab 补全
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"Plug 'vim-scripts/SuperTab'
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" 可以在 vim 中自动完成
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"Plug 'Shougo/neocomplete.vim'
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" 配色方案
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" colorscheme neodark
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Plug 'KeitaNakamura/neodark.vim'
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" colorscheme monokai
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Plug 'crusoexia/vim-monokai'
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" colorscheme github
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Plug 'acarapetis/vim-colors-github'
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" colorscheme one
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Plug 'rakr/vim-one'
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" go 主要插件
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Plug 'fatih/vim-go', { 'tag': '*', 'do': ':GoUpdateBinaries' }
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" go 中的代码追踪，输入 gd 就可以自动跳转
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Plug 'dgryski/vim-godef'
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" markdown 插件
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Plug 'iamcco/mathjax-support-for-mkdp'
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Plug 'iamcco/markdown-preview.vim'
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" 插件结束的位置，插件全部放在此行上面
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call plug#end()
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"==============================================================================
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" 主题配色
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"==============================================================================
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" 开启24bit的颜色，开启这个颜色会更漂亮一些
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set termguicolors
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" 配色方案, 可以从上面插件安装中的选择一个使用
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colorscheme one " 主题
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set background=dark " 主题背景 dark-深色; light-浅色
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"==============================================================================
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" vim-go 插件
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"==============================================================================
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" Go syntax highlighting
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let g:go_highlight_fields = 1
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let g:go_highlight_functions = 1
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let g:go_highlight_function_calls = 1
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let g:go_highlight_extra_types = 1
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let g:go_highlight_operators = 1
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" Auto formatting and importing
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let g:go_fmt_autosave = 1
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let g:go_fmt_command = "goreturns"
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let g:go_addtags_transform = "camelcase"
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let g:go_metalinter_enabled = ['vet', 'golint', 'errcheck']
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let g:go_metalinter_autosave = 1
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let g:go_metalinter_deadline = "5s"
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" Status line types/signatures
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let g:go_auto_type_info = 1
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" Run :GoBuild or :GoTestCompile based on the go file
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function! s:build_go_files()
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  let l:file = expand('%')
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  if l:file =~# '^\f\+_test\.go$'
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    call go#test#Test(0, 1)
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  elseif l:file =~# '^\f\+\.go$'
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    call go#cmd#Build(0)
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  endif
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endfunction
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" Map keys for most used commands.
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" Ex: `\b` for building, `\r` for running and `\b` for running test.
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autocmd FileType go nmap <leader>b :<C-u>call <SID>build_go_files()<CR>
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autocmd FileType go nmap <leader>r <Plug>(go-run)
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autocmd FileType go nmap <leader>t <Plug>(go-test)
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autocmd FileType go nmap <Leader>c <Plug>(go-coverage-toggle)
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autocmd FileType go nmap <Leader>i <Plug>(go-info)
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map <C-n> :cnext<CR>
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map <C-m> :cprevious<CR>
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nnoremap <leader>a :cclose<CR>
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autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.go setlocal noexpandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4
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"==============================================================================
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" NERDTree 插件
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"==============================================================================
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" 打开和关闭NERDTree快捷键
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map <F10> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
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let g:NERDTreeDirArrowExpandable = '▸'
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let g:NERDTreeDirArrowCollapsible = '▾'
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" 显示行号
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let NERDTreeShowLineNumbers=1
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" 打开文件时是否显示目录
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let NERDTreeAutoCenter=1
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" 是否显示隐藏文件
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let NERDTreeShowHidden=1
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" 设置宽度
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" let NERDTreeWinSize=31
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" 忽略一下文件的显示
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let NERDTreeIgnore=['\.pyc','\~$','\.swp']
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" 打开 vim 文件及显示书签列表
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let NERDTreeShowBookmarks=2
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" 在终端启动vim时，共享NERDTree
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let g:nerdtree_tabs_open_on_console_startup=1
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"==============================================================================
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"  majutsushi/tagbar 插件
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"==============================================================================
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" majutsushi/tagbar 插件打开关闭快捷键
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nmap <F9> :TagbarToggle<CR>
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let g:tagbar_type_go = {
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    \ 'ctagstype' : 'go',
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    \ 'kinds'     : [
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        \ 'p:package',
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        \ 'i:imports:1',
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        \ 'c:constants',
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        \ 'v:variables',
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        \ 't:types',
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        \ 'n:interfaces',
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        \ 'w:fields',
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        \ 'e:embedded',
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        \ 'm:methods',
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        \ 'r:constructor',
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        \ 'f:functions'
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    \ ],
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    \ 'sro' : '.',
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    \ 'kind2scope' : {
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        \ 't' : 'ctype',
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        \ 'n' : 'ntype'
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    \ },
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    \ 'scope2kind' : {
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        \ 'ctype' : 't',
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        \ 'ntype' : 'n'
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    \ },
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    \ 'ctagsbin'  : 'gotags',
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    \ 'ctagsargs' : '-sort -silent'
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\ }
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"==============================================================================
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"  nerdtree-git-plugin 插件
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"==============================================================================
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let g:NERDTreeGitStatusIndicatorMapCustom = {
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    \ "Modified"  : "✹",
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    \ "Staged"    : "✚",
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    \ "Untracked" : "✭",
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    \ "Renamed"   : "➜",
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    \ "Unmerged"  : "═",
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    \ "Deleted"   : "✖",
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    \ "Dirty"     : "✗",
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    \ "Clean"     : "✔︎",
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    \ 'Ignored'   : '☒',
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    \ "Unknown"   : "?"
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    \ }
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let g:NERDTreeGitStatusShowIgnored = 1
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"==============================================================================
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"  Valloric/YouCompleteMe 插件
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"==============================================================================
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" make YCM compatible with UltiSnips (using supertab)
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let g:ycm_key_list_select_completion = ['<C-n>', '<space>']
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let g:ycm_key_list_previous_completion = ['<C-p>', '<Up>']
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let g:SuperTabDefaultCompletionType = '<C-n>'
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" better key bindings for UltiSnipsExpandTrigger
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let g:UltiSnipsExpandTrigger = "<tab>"
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let g:UltiSnipsJumpForwardTrigger = "<tab>"
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let g:UltiSnipsJumpBackwardTrigger = "<s-tab>"
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"==============================================================================
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"  其他插件配置
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"==============================================================================
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" markdwon 的快捷键
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map <silent> <F5> <Plug>MarkdownPreview
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map <silent> <F6> <Plug>StopMarkdownPreview
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" tab 标签页切换快捷键
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:nn <Leader>1 1gt
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:nn <Leader>2 2gt
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:nn <Leader>3 3gt
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:nn <Leader>4 4gt
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:nn <Leader>5 5gt
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:nn <Leader>6 6gt
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:nn <Leader>7 7gt
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:nn <Leader>8 8gt
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:nn <Leader>9 8gt
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:nn <Leader>0 :tablast<CR>
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EOF
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# 插件安装
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> vim +PlugInstall
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- Finishing ... Done!
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- vim-go: Installed
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# Go插件安装
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> vim +GoInstallBinaries
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:qall
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> cd ~/.vim/plugged/YouCompleteMe
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> python3 install.py --clangd-completer --go-completer

vim操作#

Ctrl - W+ j/k/l/w: 窗口
:qall: 全部退出
:q: 只能退出当前窗口, 如果当前只有一个窗口, 会退出vim
Ctrl-W + q: 退出, 等同:q
Ctrl-W + c: 退出当前窗口, 如果只有一个窗口, 则会报错
insert mode 模式下: Ctrl+O, hjkl移动

NERDTree 操作#

F10: 打开NerdTree
m: 菜单控制
r: 刷新

Tagbar#

F9: 打开导航图

vim-go操作#

Godef: 跳转声明
GoReferrers: 引用

代码跳转:

Ctrl+O: 上一个
Ctrl+I: 下一个
:jumps: 在当前窗口显示跳转列表

程序debug/run

:GoDebugBreakpoint: 添加/取消断点
:GoDebugContinue:
:GoDebugNext: 下一步
:GoDebugStep: 跳进
:GoDebugStepOut: 跳出
:GoDebugPrint 变量名: 打印变量值

dlv操作#

dlv 指令

1、dlv debug main.go debug一个main.go程序
2、break（b）main.main 在main包里的main函数入口打断点
3、continue（c）继续运行，直到断点处停止
4、next（n）单步运行
5、locals 打印local variables
6、print（p）打印一个变量或者表达式
7、restart（r） Restart Process
l: list 显示源码, 当前debug源码

参考#

delve/README.md at master · go-delve/delve · GitHub